Glossary.

A tour made of panoramic photos taken from fixed points in a space. At each point the visitor looks around, then jumps to the next shooting point.

Example: It can be enough when the space exists and is shown as it is; if something in the space changes, the photos have to be retaken.

A 3D tour made by scanning an existing space from end to end with a special scanning camera.

Example: The space must exist and be scanned on site; the visitor moves between the scanned points.

A tour inside a three-dimensional model of a space. It is made either by scanning an existing space with a special camera or by building the space in 3D from a plan or a description.

Example: In a scanned tour the visitor moves between scanned points; in a built 3D space they walk freely.

An exact digital counterpart of a physical space, built with its real dimensions, light and materials.

Example: Industrial digital twins in factories monitor machines with sensor data; a digital twin of a space focuses on how it looks and how it feels to walk through.

A scaled drawing seen from above that shows the rooms, walls, doors and windows of a floor or an apartment.

Example: For housing projects a floor plan is enough to build the apartment in 3D at the right size; architectural project files are not needed.

glTF is an open file format developed by the Khronos Group for moving 3D models across the web and applications; GLB is the single-file binary version of the same format.

Example: For a 3D virtual store, product 3D files are prepared, for example, as .glb.

A marker placed on an object or a spot in a virtual tour that opens an info card, image, video or link when clicked.

Example: In a showroom tour, clicking the marker on a sofa opens its fabric options.

A small panel that opens when a product or a spot in a virtual space is clicked, showing a name, description, image or link.

Example: In a virtual exhibition the visitor clicks a product and reads its features on the info card.

A virtual space built in 3D from a plan or a description, where the visitor walks freely, clicks products, changes options and can shop.

Example: The space does not need to exist yet; a store or apartment still at project stage can be built. This is the type Viniona produces.

A wide-angle photo that shows everything around a single point in one frame. It is the building block of 360-degree virtual tours.

A different option of the same product, such as colour, material, size or model. In an interactive 3D space the visitor tries these options on the spot.

Example: In viHome, wall and floor options can be changed while walking around.

An online, explorable 3D counterpart of a home that is for sale or still under construction. The buyer walks through the apartment without visiting it.

Example: In an apartment built from a floor plan, the buyer tours the rooms and changes furniture, lighting, wall colour and flooring options.

Drawing the image dozens of times per second as the visitor moves, instead of preparing it in advance.

Example: Freely walkable 3D spaces are drawn this way; a still render is prepared in advance from a single angle.

Lengths, heights and distances in the virtual space match the real space exactly.

Example: In an apartment built at true scale, the ceiling height and room width feel right on screen too.

Presenting products, works or a brand in a 3D space that can be explored online.

Example: Visitors tour the exhibition in the browser, click products to open their details and look at options such as colour and model.

An online, explorable 3D counterpart of a showroom or product display space. Selling is optional; the aim is to present the product.

Example: Automotive, furniture and décor brands present their products on a whole new stage in a virtual showroom.

An interactive 3D counterpart of a store that can be explored online, where products can be examined and bought.

Example: In the Blackbörk virtual store, visitors walk the shelves, add products to the cart from inside the 3D store and complete payment on Shopify.

The online counterpart of a space that can be explored from a computer or a phone. Visitors move around inside without going there.

Example: It can be made from 360-degree photos, from a 3D scan or as a 3D space built from a plan.

An online, explorable 3D counterpart of a trade-show stand or exhibition space. It is not limited to the show days; anyone who opens the link can visit.

Example: The virtual space does not have to replace the physical stand; it works as an extra space that can be visited before and after the show.

The standard interface that lets a web browser draw 3D images using the device’s graphics processor. It needs no plug-in or app.

Example: 3D virtual spaces that open in the browser are drawn with WebGL; because search-engine bots cannot read that drawing, the page should also describe it in text.